Library
Topics on substation design: derivations, figures, equations with their clauses, and worked examples calculated by the design service.
Standards and clausesThe topics and equations per clause of a standardSymbolsEach symbol with its meaning, unit and topicGlossaryTerms and abbreviations with their definitions and topicsReading ordersThe topics in sequence per design step
Power system fundamentals
Per-unit quantitiesIEC 60909-0:2016
Per-unit quantitiesSymmetrical componentsIEC 60909-0:2016, IEEE C37.010-2016
Symmetrical componentsEarthing of the neutralIEC 60909-0:2016, IEEE C37.010-2016
Earthing of the neutralSubstation arrangement
Single-line diagramsCEA Construction Regulations 2022, IEEE C37.2
Single-line diagram (SLD)Graphical symbolsBus schemesCEA Construction Regulations 2022, RUS 1724E-300
Bus schemesBays and their equipment
Bays and their equipmentEngineering calculations
Short-circuit currentsIEC 60909-0:2016, IEEE C37.010-2016
Short-circuit currents by IEC 60909-0Peak current and thermal equivalent currentShort-circuit duty by IEEE C37.010EarthingIEEE Std 80-2013, IS 3043:1987
Soil resistivity and Wenner readingsTwo-layer soilTolerable body currentSurface layer and CsGrid currentGrid resistance and GPRMesh voltage and touch voltageStep voltageConductor sizingEarth mat analysis in two-layer soilInsulation coordinationIEC 60071-1:2019, CEA Construction Regulations 2022
Insulation levelsLightning protectionIEEE Std 998-2012, IEC 62305-3
Direct stroke shielding by the rolling sphereMasts and shield wiresClearancesCEA Safety Regulations 2023, IEC 61936-1:2021, RUS 1724E-300, NESC 2007
Electrical clearancesClearances of the ANSI / IEEE setConductor and busbar sizingIEEE C37.04-2018
Bus and bay current ratingsReactive powerCEA Connectivity Regulations 2007, FERC Order No. 827
Reactive power equipmentLayout and civil works
Yard layout
Yard layoutRoads, trenches and buildings
Roads, trenches and buildingsDrawings, documents and BOM
Drawing conventions
Drawing conventionsDocument control
Document controlBill of materials
Bill of materialsStandards and regulations
IEC with CEA and CBIP
The IEC + CEA / CBIP setANSI and IEEE with NESC
The ANSI / IEEE setIEC + CEA / CBIP and ANSI / IEEE compared
IEC + CEA / CBIP and ANSI / IEEE compared